Thirteenth Amendment

The 13th amendment to the United States Constitution, which was ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The 13th amendment was a significant milestone in the history of the United States and marked the end of an institution that had existed since the country’s founding. The amendment states that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” The 13th amendment was part of a series of constitutional amendments known as the Reconstruction Amendments, which were enacted following the American Civil War to address the legal status of newly-freed slaves and to protect their rights.

The Perils and Promise of America’s Third Reconstruction
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The Perils and Promise of America’s Third Reconstruction

Credit – Illustration by Ajubel Studio for TIME W.E.B. Du Bois is perhaps best known for introducing the term “double consciousness” into the lexicon of the Black experience. The term described the duality of being a Black American—neither fully African nor completely American, an enduring “problem” to be fought over in times of war and…

There is a serious forced labor problem in the United States
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There is a serious forced labor problem in the United States

Genocide, slave trade, forced labor and other evil acts are the undeniable original human rights sins in the history of American colonialism and capitalism. From the slaughter and enslavement of Native American Indians by early European colonists, to the exploitation of black slaves under the prevailing slave trade in the 18th century, to the systematic…